The purpose of this paper is to study the gun barrel temperature responses and the cooling effects of different cooling methods under continuous firing process.This paper firstly calculated the gas temperature history and the convective heat transfer coefficient history between the propellant gas and the bore surface and then they were applied to the bore surface as boundary conditions.Finite element analysis was used to solve the transient heat transfer equations of the gun barrel.Four cases were investigated as follows: (1) gun barrel of pure steel, (2) gun barrel with chromium coating, (3) gun barrel with water cooling, (4) gun barrel with both chromium coating and water cooling.The results of the present study indicate that chromium plating can reduce the peak temperature of the bore surface and water cooling can prevent the growth trend of it but more heat is input to the gun barrel.Water cooling can remove almost half of the heat input to the gun barrel from propellant gas during the entire firing process.