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基础主义是西方知识论中的主流理论,有其渊远的源流与不同的表现形式。康德的先验哲学属于一种特殊类型的“建构性”的基础主义。它努力为知识寻求客观性与普遍必然性的根据。这种基础主义表现为将范畴作为基础的信念,论证范畴对非基础信念(判断、命题)的支持关系。在道德哲学中,它表现为道德的建构主义。康德的基础主义构成了现代性思维方式的一个要素,它凸现了范畴在思维中的根据作用,阐发了一种主动的、建构性的思维方式;其缺陷则在于作为基础信念的范畴过于绝对化。
Fundamentalism is the mainstream theory in Western epistemology and has its origins and forms of expression. Kant’s transcendental philosophy belongs to a special kind of “constructive” foundationalism. It strives to find the basis for the objectivity and universality of knowledge. This basicism manifests itself in the belief that the category is based on the argument that the categories support the non-foundational beliefs (judgments, propositions). In moral philosophy, it is manifested as moral constructivism. Kant’s fundamentalism constitutes an element of the modern way of thinking. It highlights the fundamental role of category in thinking and elucidates a proactive and constructive way of thinking. The disadvantage is that Kant’s category of underlying belief is too absolute .