<正>Based on unique data from the largest ever conducted sample of the Chinese oldest-old aged 80+, multivariate logistic regression analyses show that either receiving adequate medical service during sickness or never/rarely suffering from serious sickness in childhood significantly reduces the risk of being ADL impaired,cognitively impaired,and self-reporting poor health by 18 to 33%at the oldest-old ages.Estimates of effects for five other indicators of childhood conditions are similarly positive,but mostly not statistically significant.Multivariate survival analysis shows that better childhood socioeconomic conditions in general tend to reduce the four-year period mortality risk among the oldest-old;but after additionally controlling for fourteer covariates,the effects are not statistically significant - thus suggesting that most of the effects o(?) childhood conditions on oldest-old mortality are indirect - at least to the point of affecting current health status at the oldest-old ages,which itself is strongly associated with mortality While acknowledging limitations of the present analyses due to a lack of information or childhood illness,the oldest-olds’ recalling errors,and other data problems,we conclude,based on this and other studies,that policies enhancing childhood health care and children’s socioeconomic wellbeing can have large and long-lasting benefits up to the oldest-old ages.