The construction of rural public service system is the important content and strategic task in China’s new countryside construction,which is also the only way to realize the urban and rural harmonious development,the socio-economic structural optimization and the rural public affairs quality improvement.Core of this construction is to realize the fairness and efficiency,and key factors of the two above are affected by the role functions of participants in rural public service.A series of measures such as administrative reform,law improvement,democracy and decision building in villagers are put forward by the meanings,characteristics,compositions of the rural public service that are also by analyzing the main participants’ historical evolution and the role functions in the right service system construction.