Iatric obesity is a growing problem worldwide,with an increasing prevalence among even infants and young children.The gut microbiota have recently been shown to affect the energy balance by influencing both the efficiency of calorie harvest from the diet,and how harvested energy is used and stored.The pig is a good model for use in human nutrition research,but few studies have examined differences among different pig breeds.This study was conducted to compare the diversity of gut microbiota in four local Chinese obese pig breeds,including Bama mini-pig,Huanjiang mini-pig,Ningxiang pig,and Lantang pig and lean Landrace pig.These local Chiese pig breeds have obvious differences in genotype and phenotype compared to Landrace pig.The aim of this study was to examine the association between the gut microbiota composition in infancy and future obesity using pigs as a model.The results indicated that the local Chinese pig breeds had significantly greater microbiota diversities in the distal intestine than Landrace pig.There are also clear differences in gunera that can influence the energy balance and contribute to obesity.The findings demonstrated that there was a significant difference in the gut microbiota composition between local Chinese pig breeds and Landrace pig.The higher contents of gut microbial populations that show strong energy-harvesting ability may partly contribute to the obese phenotype in local Chinese pigs.Our research may help to clarify the mechanism of phenotype diversity in pig breeds and contribute to studies on infant nutrition and obesity.