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在罗马法上,作为合意契约之一的租赁契约是法律实践、立法与法学家解释共同作用的结果。《十二表法》中尽管未产生租赁契约,但已隐含着罗马法租赁契约的本质因子“租金”。基于“合意”和“租金”概念基础上的租赁契约容纳了物的租赁、雇佣租赁和承揽租赁三种类型,体现了地方论思想的影响,是法律经验的初步归纳,属于未区分的一元论,但缺乏体系性。法国民法典继承了这一结构,形成租赁契约的二元论结构;而德国民法典受潘德克吞法律思想的影响,以客体区分标准来处理罗马法上的租赁契约,从而实现了租赁契约的现代转型。
In the Roman law, the lease contract as one of the consensual contracts is the result of legal practice, where legislation and jurists explain the joint effect. Although the lease contract did not arise in the Twelve Tables Act, the essential factor “rent ” of the Rome law lease contract has been implied. The lease contract based on the conception of “desirable ” and “rent ” accommodates the three types of material lease, hiring lease and contract lease, which reflects the influence of the local theory and is the initial induction of legal experience, The distinction between the monism, but the lack of systematic. The French Civil Code inherited this structure and formed the dualistic structure of lease contract. However, the German Civil Code was influenced by Pandecton’s legal thought and handled the leasing contract in Roman law by the object distinction criteria, so as to realize the modern transformation of lease contract.