Environmental chemicals that possess endocrine-disrupting properties are known to potentially exert detrimental effects on metabolic health and may lead to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes(T2D).The role of diet in the associations between these pollutants and T2D risk has been increasingly recognized.Diet is often the primary source of exposures in general populations without occupational exposure history and thus may serve as confounders for associations between the chemicals and T2D risk.However,in most environmental epidemiological studies,diet was rarely considered in statistical analyses.Moreover,based on the existing knowledge base regarding the biological pathways underlying the effects of diet and the chemicals,it is highly plausible that diet may modulate the effects of chemicals on metabolic health,and the vice versa,although evidence from epidemiological studies is rather sparse for potential interactions between diet and pollutants because of certain methodological challenges.In this lecture,evidence regarding the potentially diabetogenic,food-borne environmental pollutants in relation to diabetes risk is reviewed.Discussions are primarily focus on bisphenol A,phthalates,organic pollutants,perfluoroalkyl substances,and environmental pollutants generated during cooking,such as heterocyclic aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.The role of diet,as primary food sources and confounders,in the associations between these environmental pollutants and T2D risk is explored.Methodological challenges for testing interactions between diet and environmental pollutants are discussed.Furthermore,the potentials of using metabolomics and microbiome as sensitive tools to explore the effects of pollutants on metabolic health,as well as interactions between dietary factors and pollutants are discussed.