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我国传统刑法采取的是“犯罪人——国家”二元刑事法律关系的模式,犯罪被认为是对国家利益和社会关系的侵犯,被害人的具体利益只是这些利益的体现,被害人只是作为国家利益侵害的一种承受者而存在,在刑事案件中没有独立的地位。因此建立犯罪人——被害人——国家的三元刑事法律关系成为解决刑事被害根源性问题的关键所在。被害人利益损失的弥补方式应当有两种,一种是刑罚权之下的宽刑权;另外一种则是刑事案件中的求偿权。要想充分实现被害人的实体救济权,应当引入被害人承诺的理论以及刑事和解制度,将刑事被害的救济从抽象的地位确立转变成为具体的刑事权利。
The traditional criminal law adopted by our country is a model of “criminal-state” dual criminal law relationship. Crime is considered to be a violation of state interests and social relations. The victim’s specific interest is only the embodiment of these interests. The victim is only treated as a state Interest violations of a kind of bearer, there is no independent status in criminal cases. Therefore, the establishment of criminals - victims - the country’s ternary criminal legal relations has become the crux of the root causes of criminal victims. There are two ways to make up for the victim’s loss of interests: one is the right to the punishment under the penalty right; the other is the right to compensation in the criminal case. In order to fully realize the victim’s right of entity relief, the victim commitment theory and criminal reconciliation system should be introduced to transform the relief of criminal victimization from the establishment of abstract status into the specific criminal right.