To study the epidemiology of yeast pathogens and their antifungal susceptibility,we conducted active laboratory-based surveillance for isolates from patients with invasive infections across China from August 2010July 2011.CHIF-NET is the first nationwide invasive fungal infection surveillance study in China that covered 23 tertiary hospitals in 15 provinces and cities.It is important to note that,only yeasts that isolated from blood samples or other sterile body sites were collected ,whilst sputum and urine were excluded from the present study.DNA sequencing methods were used to define species,and susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole performed by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute M-44A2 disk diffusion method.Of 1 243 yeasts,Candida spp.comprised 91.3% of strains,followed by Cryptococcus neoformans(7.0%;69.7% of isolates were from cere brospinal fluid) and other non-candidal yeasts(1.7%).Bloodstream isolates comprised 39.4% of strains, isolates from ascitic fluid comprised 24.9%.Amongst Candida, Candida albicans was the commonest species which accounted for 44.7%, followed by Candida tropicalis (17.5%) Candida parapsilosis sensu strict (13%) and Candida glabrata sensu strict(9.3%).In general,most yeasts were susceptible to fluconazole(FLU) and voriconazole (VOR).The resistant rate to FLU and VOR for the most common candida spp.were Candida albicans(0.4%,0.4%), Can dida tropicalis(3.7%,3.7%), Candida parapsilosis sensu strict(7.5%, 3.1%) and Candida glabrata sensu strict (16.5%, 15.7%).Most resistant strains showed cross-resistant to FLU and VOR.The resistance rate to FLU and VOR for uncommon Candida/non-candidal yeasts(No.yeast pathogens and their antifungal susceptibilities in China.