Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate theprofile of traumas, the severity, and mortality of polytraumapatients in a front-line hospital after the 2008Sichuan earthquake.Methods Patients who had two or more injuries tophysical regions or organ systems, where at least one injuryor the combination of injuries carried a certain risk of fataloutcome, with Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16, wereconsidered as polytrauma patients and included in thisstudy.Medical records consisting of demographic data,distribution and type of injuries, Abbreviated Injury Scale(AIS) score of each injury, ISS, surgical procedures, mortalityrate, and features of the deaths were collected andanalyzed.Results A total of 70 earthquake-related polytraumapatients were treated in our hospital during the first 10 daysafter the earthquake.The mean ISS of these patients was26.9, and 77.1% of these patients were critically injured(ISS > 25).Among the 224 injuries, the most commoninjury site was the extremities (30.8%), 81.2% of whichwere fractures.A total of 152 surgical procedures wereperformed on these patients, of which orthopedic proceduresaccounted for 85.5%.During the first 10 days,21 patients with significantly higher ISS than the survivorsdied in the hospital.Conclusions The mortality rate of the polytraumapatients in this rescue operation was high.The ISS was afeasible tool to estimate the severity ofpolytraumapatients.Specialists in orthopedics, critical care, andrespiratory disorders were in great demand during themanagement of these patients in such conditions.