Absorption spectra involving multiple excited states: Approximate methods based on the mixed quantum

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  We investigate the calculation of absorption spectral based on the mixed quantum classical Liouville equation (MQCL) methods.It has been shown previously that, for a single excited state, an averaged (ACL) approach to calculate the linear and non-linear spectroscopy can be derived using the MQCL formalism.This work focuses on problems involving multiple coupled excited state surfaces, such as in the case of conical intersections and molecular aggregates.
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