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Populus and Salix are sister genera in Salicaceae family.Cytogenetic study across different species in both genera showed that they generally appeared as diploids and typically have a basic haploid chromosome number of n=19.By contrast, genome sequencing of these two lineages revealed that Populus and Salix were descendants from a common paleotertrapolyploid ancester,which might have 10 ancestral chromosomes.Therefore, after the whole genome duplication,genome diploidization leads to the arising of modern Salicaceae species.