Human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)reprogrammed from human somatic cells by delivering several defined factors provide not only therapeutic cell sources for neuronal regeneration,but biomedical platforms for drug screening and in vitro disease modeling of neuronal disorders.Although diverse methodologies have been applied to enhance neuronal differentiation of hiPSCs,low differentiation efficiency still remains a challenge.To overcome such limitations,here we report a microenvironmetal control using extracellular matrix(ECM)for promoting neuronal differentiation of hiPSCs in vitro.Two different formats of 2D ECM-coated surface and 3D ECM hydrogel significantly facilitated neuronal lineage differentiation of hiPSCs as confirmed by upregulated expression of several neuronal markers and highly matured neuronal morphologies.This study demonstrates that reconstituted ECM microenvironment can provide an efficient platform to produce functional neuronal lineage cells from hiPSCs.This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare(HI14C1588),Republic of Korea and Brain Korea 21 plus(BK21PLUS)program.Ann-Na Cho,Jung Seung Lee and Jin Kim are fellowship awardee by BK21PLUS program.