Objective To investigate the anti-atherosclerotic effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Banxiao capsule, patent pending) and involved immunity associated mechanism.Methods Male LDLR mice were induced to carotid atherosclerosis by partial carotid ligation, which was verified by ultrasonic examination.After 2 weeks, thirty mice were fed with high fat diet for three weeks and randomly divided into three groups: group Ⅰ (n=10): partial carotid ligation model; group Ⅱ (n=10): atrovastatin intervention; group Ⅲ (n=10): traditional Chinese medicine intervention.Both drug groups were given by intragastric administration.The levels of circulating effector memory T cells and central memory T cells were determined by flow cytometry at different timepoints according to the protocol.At the end, the carotid atherosclerosis lesions and composition of lipid were investigated by immunochemical analysis and fast protein liquid chromatography respectively.Results Both atrovastatin and Traditional Chinese Medicine could effectively inhibit the pathological progression of atherosclerotic lesions by decreasing the low density lipoprotein and increasing high density lipoprotein, but TCM could reverse the imbalanced levels of Tem and Tcm, which did not exerted by atrovastatin.Conclusion Traditional Chinese Medicine could effectively inhibit the pathological progression of atherosclerotic lesions, which was accomplished by restoring not only abnormal lipid metabolism but also the imbalanced levels of Tem and Tcm.Such strategy could provide a promising therapy against clinical atherosclerosis.