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Objective To investigate the role of activated complement system after myocardial infarction in mice.Methods Themodel of myocardial infarction was copied by ligation the left anterior descending coronary artery.The mice were divided into the MI group (MI, n =25) and the Sham group (Sham, n=12).The heart function was detected in 7d post-operationby echocardiography.HE staining, Masson staining and Sirius red staining were used to analyze inflammatory cellinfiltration,collagen deposition, fibrosis in myocardial tissue.The mRNA levels of C3a and C5a were measured by Real-time PCR.The correlation analysis was used between C3a, C5a mRNA expression and ejection fraction (EF).Results Thesurvival rate was 68.0%in MI mice 7d post-operation, which was significantly lower than that in Sham group (P<0.05); The LVAWs, EF and FS in MI group were decreased (P<0.05); In MI group, there were a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration, deposition of collagen and the fibrosis area increased (P<0.01).The level of C3a and C5a mRNA markedly increasedand were negatively correlated with EF.Conclusion The complement system is activatedafter myocardial infarction.The degree of complement system activation is related with reduced ejection fraction, suggesting that the complement system could regulate the process of inflammation and fibrosis in myocardial tissue.Therefore, the activation of complement system maybe an important factor in aggravated cardiacinjury after MI.