粘土矿物是细粒的含水硅酸盐或铝硅酸盐,在海洋浅水区约占沉积物总量的25%～30%,深水区达60%～98%(Schulz,2006),具有颗粒微细、结构无序、成分多变、类质替换等特性(Schulz,2006;Chamley,1989),对地质作用和沉积环境的变化非常敏感。大量证据表明,热液自生粘土矿物(同生沉积的原生粘土矿物和同生期后形成的次生粘土矿物)、尤其是含铁粘土矿物 Clay minerals are finely divided hydrous silicates or aluminosilicates, accounting for 25-30% of the total sediments and 60-98% of deep waters in shallow marine waters (Schulz 2006) (Schulz, 2006; Chamley, 1989), are very sensitive to changes in geological and sedimentary environments. There is ample evidence that hydrothermal autotrophic clay minerals (syngenetic primary clay minerals and secondary clay minerals formed at the same age), especially iron-bearing clay minerals