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The extremely male predominance (sex ratio: 5-8∶1) of esophageal adenocarcinoma is enigmatic.Phytoestrogens represent a group of compounds that naturally occur in plant foods, with chemical structures similar to endogenous estrogens.Phytoestrogens show estrogenic properties by binding to the estrogen receptors or by influencing the estrogenic pathway.Recent experimental studies have observed anti-carcinogenic effects of phytoestrogens on esophageal and gastric cancer cells.