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The morphological evolutions of straight axial structure in the weld metal of Al-Cu alloy and the curved columnar grains in the weld metal of pure aluminum were investigated by simulating the competitive growth of microstructures with random preferential orientations under the transient thermal conditions in entire weld pool using the cellular automata (CA) method.Based on the competitive result of microstructures, the formation mechanisms for different grain structures in welds of Al-Cu alloy and pure aluminum were analyzed.