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Fitness is defined as the ability of an organism to adapt and reproduce in a given environment.Recent studies suggest that HIV-Ⅰ fitness is a major factors contribution to disease progression and global spread of the virus.HIV-infected patients characterized as long-term survivors harbored virus significantly less fit than virus isolated from patients who progressed rapidly to AIDS.The correlation between ex vivo HIV-Ⅰ fitness and viral load was as significant as other host genetic and immunlogical factors shown to play an important role in disease progression.