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自19世纪以来,传统意义上的自然法理论经受了无可避免的衰落,而康德的自然法权理论是导致这一进程的重要因素。其学说一方面从根本上消解了传统自然法理论中实质性的自然观,使得任何试图从人的“自然倾向”中推出规范性命题的努力变得不可能;另一方面,其通过自然法权将伦理与法的领域进行了区分,这使得唯有高度形式性的自然法权而非伦理目的才能成为校验实证立法的标准。而康德的这种具有实证主义色彩的法哲学催生了当代的立宪主义法律理论——一种“规范的实证主义”。
Since the 19th century, the traditional theory of natural law has undergone an inevitable decline, and Kant’s theory of natural rights is an important factor leading to this process. On the one hand, its doctrine fundamentally dissolves the substantive view of nature in the traditional theory of natural law, making it impossible to attempt any effort to introduce normative propositions from the “natural tendency” of man. On the other hand, Natural law separates the areas of ethics and law, which makes it possible to establish the standard of verifying positive legislation only by highly formal natural law rather than ethical purposes. And this kind of positivist philosophical philosophy of Kant has given birth to contemporary constitutional legal theory - a “normative positivist”.