Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in chloroplasts is one of the earliest responses of plants to environmental stresses such as cold,heat,dr
Photosynthesis is sensitive to environmental stresses.How nuclear and plastid genome coordinate to cope with abiotic stress is not well understood.Here we r
Calcium is important for chloroplasts,including photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic functions.Multiple Ca2+/H+transporters and channels have been describe