目的：应用减寿年数（ＰＹＬＬ）和减寿率（ＰＹＬＬＲ）计算指标评价分析晚期血吸虫病（晚血）患者死因对血吸虫病已完全控制地区人群寿命的影响。方法：对上海市郊经历年随访的３个原重流行乡于１９５５－１９９５年发生的晚血死亡患者４８７例的死亡原因按ＰＹＬＬ计算公式，分析其总ＰＹＬＬ、ＰＹＬＬＲ、各种死亡原因的ＰＹＬＬＲ及逐年的演变。结果：３个乡晚血患者的全死因ＰＹＬＬＲ为２５６．３‰，主要死亡原因为肝功能衰竭（１００．３‰）、肝癌（４３．４‰）和其他器官恶性肿瘤（２４．８‰），其中晚血并发肝功能衰竭和上消化道出血的ＰＹＬＬＲ，６０年代分别为２２２．２‰和３４．５‰，肝硬化并发症的ＰＹＬＬＲ占总ＰＹＬＬＲ的６７．５％。未切脾组明显高于切脾组。血吸虫病控制后，全死因及晚血并发症死因的ＰＹＬＬＲ均呈线性下降，９０年代全死因和晚血并发症死因的ＰＹＬＬＲ较６０年代分别下降６２．９％和８３．２％，上消化道出血的ＰＹＬＬＲ，近５年仅０．３‰。结论：ＰＹＬＬ及ＰＹＬＬＲ分析能定量表达晚血并发症及其他死亡原因对人群寿命的影响程度 PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of death due to schistosomiasis treatment on the longevity of people with schistosomiasis control in advanced schistosomiasis (late blood) using the indicators of life expectancy reduction (PYLL) and life expectancy reduction (PYLLR). Methods: The causes of death in 487 patients with late-blooded death in three original heavy-hit townships in Shanghai suburbs from 1955 to 1995 were analyzed by PYLL formula. The total PYLL, PYLLR, various causes of death and PYLLR Year after year evolution. Results: The PYLLR of all causes of death in 3 township patients was 256.3 ‰. The main causes of death were liver failure (100.3 ‰), liver cancer (43.4 ‰) and other organ malignancies (24.8 ‰) , PYLLR in late blood with liver failure and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were 222.2 ‰ and 34.5 ‰ in the 1960s and 67.5% of the total PYLLR in patients with cirrhosis. Not cut spleen group was significantly higher than splenectomy group. After the control of schistosomiasis, the PYLLR of all causes of death and causes of death from late complications of blood showed a linear decrease. Compared with the 1960s, the PYLLR of all causes of death and complications of late complications in the 1990s decreased by 62.9% and 83.2% respectively. The upper gastrointestinal tract Bleeding PYLLR, the past 5 years only 0.3 ‰. Conclusion: PYLL and PYLLR analysis can quantify the degree of influence of late blood complications and other causes of death on the life of the population