内蒙古化德方言语音研究

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This paper is a study of the phonetic system of Huade dialect in Inner-Mongolia.It includes seven parts.The introduction mainly talks about the history and geography of Huade county,the language belonging of the dialect,the study status,the significance and methods of the study,the selection of research samples and the information of the cooperators who provide pronunciation for us.Huade county is located in the northeast of Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia.Huade dialect belongs to Zhang-Hu part in Jin group and the phonetic research of Zhang-Hu part mainly focused on Hohhot and Zhangjiakou.There are many monographs and papers about the two places.Up to now,there is no systematic research on Huade dialect and its phonetic features need to be explored.This paper selects Changshun town of Huade County as the sample.This paper is on the basis of the research in Changshun town,mainly talking about its phonetic features.The second chapter describes the phonology of Huade dialect and explains the specific features of pronunciation.There are twenty-one initials(including zero initials),thirty-five finals,four tones(including the entering tone)in Huade dialect.The cooperate principles of the initials,finals and tones will be showed in tabular form.The third chapter compiles the homophonous character of Huade dialect.Basing on the Character Table of Dialect Investigation,it is gathered from the survey materials.The fourth chapter describes the tone sandhi,soft tone and retroflex suffixation of Huade dialect.The tone sandhi describes and analyses the two-syllable group and three-syllable group.And some examples are given after the description.In addition,the overlapping tone was described detailedly,including noun overlapping tone and adjectives overlapping tone.Each overlapping tone has different types which were described and illustrated before the example.The tone pitch of the soft tone is 0,which is divided into vocabulary tone and grammatical tone.The retroflex suffixation includes four type:ar,iar,uar,yar.The fifth chapter contrasts the initials,finals and tones of the past and present in tabular form,the past phonetic taking the Chinese mid-ancient pronunciation as reference.After the contrast,there is a summary about the characteristics of the initials,the finals and the tones.Then list the exception words.From the contrast,we can find some phonetic features of Huade dialect.In the aspect of initial,the ancient voiced initials words devoice and fall into unvoiced sound,obeying the rule that level tones are aspirated and oblique tones are unaspirated.The words of ancient zhi,zhuang,zhang group confluence with the Hongyin of jing group They all pronounced as[ts,tsh,s].In the aspect of final,the alveolar nasal consonants of Xian,Shan rhyme group are fallen off.Their main vowel are nasal and interflow with Guo,Jia rhyme group third level and some of Xie rhyme group second level Jian part.Shen,Zhen,Zeng,Geng,Tong rhyme groups’ level tone are interflowed and retain the nasal terminal[?].The unentering finals of Dang,Jiang are interflowed,and their nasal terminal are fallen off and main vowel are nasal.In the aspect of tone,the level tone has only one tone instead of two,and the turbidity rising tones and falling tone are interflowed.The entering tone of Huade dialect are reserved.The sixth chapter discusses the condition of the entering tone of Huade dialect.It includs three parts:the trait and condition of the entering tone which are reserved,the condition of the vanishing entering tone being tail vowel and tail vowel being entering tone.The reason of them will be discussed in every part.From this paper we could find that though a large part of the entering tone are reserved,the trend of the vanishing entering tone being tail vowel is obvious.This could attribute to the influence of common language.The reason of tail vowel being entering tone mainly because the remaining of ancient entering tone,the abrupt entering of the soft tone and being a fixed grammatical elements.
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