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Spacer fabric,a three-dimensional(3D)textile,consists of two outer layers and a spacer layer.The spacer monofilamentsjoinedand kept apart the two outer layers to form a unique3D structure.Due to their unique structure,spacer fabrics possess goodcompressive characteristics,good moisture permeability with thermoregulation,and good energy absorption,with multiple rangesof applications,including automotive textiles,personal protective clothing,sport textiles,and medical textiles.The geometric structure and compression behaviour of a typical3D mesh warp-knitted spacer fabric were investigated experimentally and numerically in this study.First,a comprehensive structural analysis on a mesh spacer fabric(thickness10.3mm)of which meshed outer layers were knitted with600D/192F polyester multifilament and the spacer layer was knitted with0.22mm diameter polyester monofilament was conducted in order to place a solid foundation to enhance the understanding of structural features and mechanical behaviour.The exact geometric structure of the spacer fabric was reconstructed by scanning the fabric via Micro X-ray computed tomography(μCT).The geometric variations of the spacer monofilaments and monofilament loops in the outer layers were analysed quantitatively.It was found that the spacer monofilaments are different in length,curvature,and torsion.The monofilament loops in the outer layers also vary in height,width,and enclosed area.After investigating the structural variations,finite element(FE)method was applied to reveal the compression mechanism of this type of spacer fabric.Therefore,a series of FE models with different constraints at spacer monofilament endpoints and boundary conditions were created.Based on the FE model FE-0.5-b,which agrees well with the experimental load–displacement curve,the compression mechanism in the linear elastic,plateau,and densification stage were analysed.Finally,a parametric study was conducted by adjusting the verified FE model FE-0.5-b to investigate the structure–property relationships of3D mesh spacer fabrics under static compression.It was found that spacer fabrics with lower fabric thickness,coarser spacer monofilaments,higher Young’s modulus,and closed outer layers have a higher compression resistance.This study provides an in-depth understanding of the geometric structure and compression behaviour of a typical3D mesh warp-knitted spacer fabric.