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长寿花(Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln.)是景天科珈蓝菜属多浆植物,花朵的颜色多、开花时间长。我国长寿花种苗主要依赖于国外无根苗的进口,成本高,为寻求解决办法,以长寿花的6个新的品种’红霞’(Serenity red cloud)、’蜜桃’(Serenity Peach)、’甜杏’(Serenity Apricot)、’红袖’(Serenity Red)、’紫风铃’(Serenity Purple wind chimes)和’蔷薇少女 ’(Serenity Rose girl)为试验对象,通过对长寿花的茎尖分生组织及叶片进行组培研究,根据培养基正交设计,确立满足生产需求的组培体系。主要研究结果如下:1、长寿花茎尖分生组织离体植株再生体系的建立(1)茎尖最佳消毒时间分别为:’红霞’45s C2H5OH+3min HgCl2,’蜜桃’ 30s C2H5OH+4min HgCl2,’甜杏’45s C2H5OH+4min HgCl2,’红袖’30s C2H5OH+3min HgCl2,’紫风铃’60s C2H5OH+3min HgCl2,’蔷薇少女’60s C2H5OH+4min HgCl2。当茎尖切割至0.3mm大时,这六个品种的成活率高,并且此时的污染率、褐化率低。(2)特别适合诱导愈伤组织的培养基有:’红霞’ MS+1mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L 2,4-D+0.3mg/L NAA,’蜜桃’MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L 2,4-D+0.3mg/L NAA,’甜杏’MS+2mg/L 6-BA+O.2mg/L 2,4-D+0.3mg/L NAA,’红袖’MS+3mg/L 6-BA+O.1mg/L 2,4-D+0.1mg/L NAA,’紫风铃’MS+2mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L 2,4-D+0.1mg/L NAA,’蔷薇少女’MS+3mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L 2,4-D-+0.1mg/L NAA。最佳诱导丛芽分化与增殖的培养基分别为:’红霞’ MS+0.1mg/L NAA+3mg/L 6-BA,’蜜桃’MS+0.2mg/L NAA+2mg/L 6-BA,’甜杏’MS+O.1mg/L NAA+2mg/L 6-BA,’红袖’MS+0.2mg/L NAA+1mg/L 6-BA,’紫风铃’ MS+0.3mg/L NAA+1mg/L 6-BA,’蔷薇少女’MS+0.2mg/L NAA+2mg/L 6-BA。最佳诱导生根培养基分别为:’红霞’ 1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L IBA,’蜜桃’ 1/2 MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.05mg/L IBA,’甜杏’ 1/2MS+0.1mg/L NAA+0.15mg/L IBA,’红袖’1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.15mg/L IBA,’紫风铃’ 1/2MS+0.1mg/L NAA+O.1mg/L IBA,’蔷薇少女’ 1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L IBA。2、长寿花叶片离体植株再生体系的建立(1)最适消毒时间分别为:’红霞’ 30s C2H5OH+12min HgCl2,’蜜桃’ 45s C2H5OH+8min HgCl2,’甜杏’ 60s C2H5OH+8min HgCl2,’红袖’ 60s C2HsOH+10min HgCl2,’紫风铃’45s C2HsOH+12min HgCl2、’蔷薇少女 ’ 45s C2H5OH+10min HgCl2。(2)特别适合诱导愈伤组织的培养基有:’红霞’ MS+0.2mg/L 6-BA+0.15mg/L GA3+2mg/L NAA,’蜜桃’MS+O.1mg/L 6-BA+0.45mg/L GA3+2mg/L NAA,’甜杏’MS+0.2mg/L 6-B A+0.3mg/L GA3+3mg/L NAA,’红袖’MS+0.1mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L GA3+2mg/L NAA,’紫风铃’ MS+0.2mg/L 6-BA+0.45mg/L GA3+1mg/L NAA,’蔷薇少女’MS+0.3mg/L 6-BA+0.3mg/L GA3+1mg/L NAA。最佳诱导丛芽分化与增殖的培养基为:’红霞’ MS+1mg/L NAA+0.6mg/L 6-BA,’蜜桃’MS+3mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L 6-BA,’甜杏’MS+2mg/L NAA+0.4mg/L 6-BA,’ 红袖’MS+2 mg/L NAA+0.6mg/L 6-BA,’紫风铃’MS+3mg/L NAA+0:4mg/L 6-BA,’蔷薇少女’MS+1m g/L NAA+0.4mg/L 6-BA。最佳诱导生根的培养基分别为:’红霞’ 1/2MS+0.1mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L IBA,’蜜桃’ 1/2 MS+0.2mg/L NAA-0.1mg/L IBA,’甜杏’1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L IBA,’红袖’1/2 MS+0.3mg/L NAA+0.1mg/L IBA,’ 紫风铃 ’ 1/2MS+0.2mg/L NAA+0.3mg/L IBA,’蔷薇少女’1/2MS+0.3mg/L NAA+0.3mg/L IBA。3、长寿花离体培养的对比优化将6个品种的长寿花,分别培养Od、7d、14d、21d、28d后对长寿花的株高、茎粗、节间长进行T检验,由成对样本检验得出:以茎尖分生组织为外植体离体培养的幼苗,相比于以叶片为外植体离体培养的幼苗,观赏性状得到很大的改善,在茎粗及节间长均表现出显著差异。