Education in general and primary education in particular can bring about the advancement of a nation.Yemen is traumatizing by war this study was conducted to investigate the factors and forces influencing the quality of public primary education,the challenges and the solutions needed to improve the effectiveness of reform and development of the basic education system in Al Thaorah district Amanat AL Asimah,Sana’a,YemenA case study was conducted in Al Thaorah district in Amanat Al Asimah in Yemen.Four schools were taken from the Al Thaorah Directorate for this case study.The data was collected through interviews with the principals and administrators from each school,five teachers from each school and three parents from the Parents Council in each school.Books,articles and topics related to the field of research were analyzed so that a comprehensive idea of the issue could be formed.The results of this study were as follows:In terms of factors and important forces affecting the quality of education,the war had a major role in the decline in the quality of education due to the destruction of the infrastructure of some schools.The deteriorating economic situation,the emergence of sub-forces and the politicization and division of education have also significantly affected the quality of educationThe study also found that there are many challenges facing the quality of public primary education in Yemen,including the limited number of teachers in government schools.This is a direct result of the salary cuts many teachers face and the promotion of some teachers to supervisors and mentors.Also,an increase in the number of students within the classes has contributed to the low quality of education.In one semester,there were one hundred students due to the displacement of citizens to the capital,Sanaa,from other governorates.The number of students exceeded the number of teachers available.The problem is compounded by the fact that the teachers lack motivation due to poor salary and lack of teaching resources.The lack of educational means accelerates the deterioration of the learning process.Teachers complain that the situation is worsening as the number of students is increasing,there are insufficient textbooks and there is an increase in the spread of infectious diseases among students such as cholera and dengue.Students are also suffering from malnutrition.These are all challenges which impede the improvement of the education systemMoreover,the study found that the teachers’qualifications for the primary stage are not up to standard.Some only hold a high school diploma while others have a teacher’ s diploma.However,only a few teachers hold a bachelor’s degree in the same area he is teaching.Also,the training teachers receive is insufficient to meet the requirements of the jobThe study strongly recommends the Ministry of Education and other policy makers to take the results of this research as a guide towards providing solutions to most of the challenges faced by the education system in Sana’a.Also,giving children quality education at the primary stage ensures that students do not drop out of school,lays a strong foundation for students and refines their skills.The study recommends that school administrators take steps to solve the challenges they face.provide teacher training programs,Financial provision of education,including books,basic facilities and teacher’ s salary through communication with the Ministry of Education or International organizations,Strength institutional capacity of structure of education system from the ministry of education to the school and clarity of roles and responsibilities at the level of education office in province and department of education in the directorate and the school level in the face of the deteriorating central role of ministry of education,the schools are centralized by the ministry of education under the complex condition.By caring for the students and honing their skills,improving the quality of education can be made possible.