Chinese ancient literary theory has a long history, to the Qing Dynasty, it entered an important period of sorting and summarizing.In this period, those literati based on the former study and integrated their own compositional experiences, then formed their own literary theroy.In the early Qing Dynasty,Feudal rulers implemented many tender and high-pressure culture policy.The elegant and simple standard had an important influence on the whole literary circles.Under this background,Zhang Qianyi formed his own literary theroy.This paper contains the following four aspects:The first part is the literary ontology.Zhang Qianyi believed that the article should express the logic and the sentiment.On the one hand, the article should take the Confucian literature as a model and shoulder the political responsibility,On the other hand, the article should express the true feelings of the literati.The second part is the subject of literature,including moral quality and literary accomplishment.He thought the world society is full of moral degradation,so he paid attention to the character of literati.He suggested that scholars should read more books and develop better behavior.The third part is sophisticated and practical creation of literary.Firstly,Zhang agreed that the creative motivation is caused by problems in reality.Secondly,He believed that the composition has to be workedout in advance;And lastly,he suggested that the ending of composition should be correlated with its beginning and reasonably detailed.The fourth part is the simple,vivid and charming standard of literature criticism.Mainly including the features of language,the vigor of article and the style of composition.Firstly,he esteemed simpled and plain language.Secondly,he suggested the composition need vividness and variet.In the end,he deemed the style of composition should be courtly and reserved.Overall,Zhang Qianyi’s literary theory presents a variable and positive characteristics,which can provide important experience forfuture generations.