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中药青果为橄榄科(Burseraceae)橄榄属(Canarium)植物橄榄(Canarium album Rauesch.)的果实,主要分布在福建、广东、广西、海南、台湾及云南等南方省区,它与用于生产橄榄油的油橄榄(Olea europaea L.)是两种不同科属的植物。橄榄鲜果清香爽口,生津回甘,且药用价值高,为我国传统中药。据《本草纲目》记载,青果性平,味甘、涩、酸,具有清热利咽、生津解毒之功效,用于咽喉肿痛、咳嗽、烦渴、鱼蟹中毒等。本论文对青果70%乙醇提取物采用不同极性有机溶剂进行萃取,对萃取部分进行体外抗氧化、抗炎和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性筛选。活性结果表明,氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层的抗氧化、抗炎和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性较强,因此选择氯仿层和乙酸乙酯层两个活性部位作为进一步研究对象。利用硅胶开放柱色谱、ODS MPLC、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱以及p HPLC等各种色谱手段对活性部分进行分离纯化,共得到53个化合物,并通过理化性质和波谱技术等方法,鉴定了它们的化学结构,分别为:(7R,8S)-3-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl-balanophonin(1),(7R,8S)-3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyl-balanophonin(2),(7S,8R)-threo-balanophonin(3),(7S,8R)-threo-1’-[3’-hydroxy-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran]acrylaldehyd(4*),curcasinlignan C(5),(7S,8R)-threo-lycocernuaside B(6),(7R,8S)-erythro-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-O-(2’-methoxy-4’-aldehyde-phenyl)-phenylpropanol(7*),(7S,8R)-erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether(8),threo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-methoxy-2-{4-[1-formyl-(E)-vinyl]-2-methoxyphenoxy}-3-propanol(9),(7R,8R)-threo-guaiacylethoxyglycerol-β-O-4’-coniferyl aldehyde ether(10),(7R,8R)-erythro-guaiacylethoxyglycerol-β-O-4′-guaiacyl aldehyde ether(11),(7R,8S)-erythro-guaiacylethoxyglycerol-β-O-4′-coniferyl aldehyde ether(12),(7R,8S)-threo-guaiacylethoxy glycerol-β-O-4′-guaiacyl aldehyde ether(13),(7R,8S)-erythro-7,8-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-9-acetyl-7,9-propanediol(14),p-hydroxyphenylferulate(15),evofolin-B(16),vladinol-D(17),(+)-pinoresinol(18),(7S)-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-7-hydromethyl-phenylacetic acid-8-O-(3’-methoxy-4’-hydroxy)phenyl ester(19*),(+)-erythro-7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol(20),(7S,8R)-threo-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-O-(2’-methoxy-4’-aldehyde-phenyl)-p h en yl p ro p ano l(21*),feru l al d eh yd e(2 2),ci nn ami c aci d(2 3),4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(24),β-hydroxypropiovanillone(25),dihydroconiferyl alcohol(26),1,6-diethyl citrate(27),3-hydroxy-3-carboxyethyl-1-methoxy-5-ethoxy-citric acid ester(28*),3-hydroxy-3-carboxymethyl-1,5-diethoxy-citric acid ester(29*),3-carboxyethyl-3-hydroxyglutaric acid 1,5-dimethyl ester(30),1,5-diethyl citrate(31),tris-ethyl aminocitrate(32),1-ethoxy-6-methoxy-citrate(33),triethyl citrate (34),trimethyl citrate(35),vanillic acid(36),methyl vanillate(37),methylgallate(38),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(39),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(40),4’-hydroxy-3’-methoxy-phenol-β-D-[6-O-(4’’-hydroxy-3’’,5’’-dimethoxybenzoate)]glucopyranoside(41),3-(8-pentadecenyl)phenol(42),3-((8E,11E)-pentadeca-8,11,14-pentadecatrien-1-yl)phenol(43),pyroglutamic acid ethyl ester(44),1,1,2-ethanetricarboxylic acid-1-hydroxy-1,1-diethyleste r(4 5),mucicacid dimethyl ester(4 6),5-hydroxymethylfuran-2-carbaldehyde(47),cirsiumaldehyde(48),β-sitosterol(49),methyl linoleate(50),methyl myristate(51),2-hydroxybutanedioic acid dimethylester(52),palmitic acid(53)。在分离鉴定的53个化合物中,1-26是苯丙素类化合物,27-35是柠檬酸酯类化合物,36-43是单环酚类化合物,50-53是脂肪酸类化合物,其中有6个为新化合物(4、7、19、21、28、29)。在化学成分研究的基础上,对部分单体化合物进行了体外抗氧化、抗炎和抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性测试。与维生素C(IC50=34.69±1.70μM)相比,化合物7、10、16、18和26具有显著的DPPH自由基清除活性。化合物3、4、9、22具有显著的抗炎活性,且明显强于阳性药米诺环素(IC50=9.44±2.88μM)。与阿卡波糖(IC50=189.40±3.13μM)相比,化合物17具有较强的抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。本研究初步阐明了中药青果的抗炎、抗氧化及降糖的活性物质,为其临床应用及进一步开发奠定了坚实基础。