‘山农脆’梨果实硬度及其相关酶活性的初步研究

来源 :山东农业大学 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:emily9999
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以‘山农脆’梨为试材,以‘黄金梨’和‘鸭梨’为对照,分别测定果实发育不同时期以及果实采后贮藏期间常温、低温、低温+1-MCP及低温+保鲜膜等4个处理的果实硬度、乙烯释放量和果胶酶、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、α-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶、p-半乳糖苷酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、脂氧合酶等7种酶活性,并分析探讨了它们之间的相关性,揭示‘山农脆’梨果实品质的种质特异性,为该新品种的推广应用提供科学依据,并为丰富果实质地品质发育机理提供基本资料。主要研究结果如下:1.‘山农脆’梨及其对照‘黄金梨’和‘鸭梨’3个中熟梨品种发育过程中的果实硬度下降趋势基本一致,但品种间下降的幅度存在明显差异。在花后60天到花后90天均有一个快速下降过程,之后缓慢下降。其中‘山农脆’梨在花后90天硬度下降的幅度为23.3%;而‘黄金梨’17.1%,‘鸭梨’52.6%;到成熟采摘期3个品种果实硬度及果实硬度快速下降的时期基本一致。2.‘山农脆’梨及其对照‘黄金梨’和‘鸭梨’3个中熟梨品种发育过程中PG、a-L-Af及p-Gal活性差异不明显,‘山农脆梨’和‘黄金梨’的果实硬度与PE、Cx及AM活性之间呈极显著负相关,‘鸭梨’的果实硬度还与LOX活性之间呈显著正相关。3.与处理Ⅱ(低温)比较,‘山农脆’梨常温贮藏(处理Ⅰ)10a出现了明显的乙烯释放及多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、p-半乳糖苷酶(p-Gal)、纤维素酶(Cx)活性高峰,从而导致了果实硬度的快速下降,呈倒“S”的下降趋势,果实硬度由5d的7.6kg·cm-2下降至20d的3.5kg-cm-,基本失去食用价值。4.低温并结合1-MCP(处理Ⅲ)或保鲜膜(处理Ⅳ)处理有效推迟了乙烯释放及PG和p-Gal活性高峰到来的时间,并显著降低了峰值,从而较长时间维持了‘山农脆’梨的质地和贮藏品质,至210d后的果实硬度分别为6.2kg-cm-2和6.6kg·cm-2果实新鲜如初。5.‘山农脆’梨贮藏期间4个处理的果实硬度均与乙烯释放量、PG、β-Gal和Cx活性呈极显著或显著负相关,与AM活性呈显著正相关,与PE和a-L-Af活性的相关性不显著。6.‘山农脆’梨果实在发育期间和采后贮藏期间的与硬度变化相关的主要酶是不一致的。
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