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现实主义的基本品格在于文学反映现实的真实性,真实来自于文学世界与现实世界的符合。作为当代新马克思主义文化批判理论的代表,齐泽克从拉康的“实在界、符号界与想象界”理论出发,认为现实只是三界在主体身上建构出的真实效果。现实主义则是完美的对象占据了原质(Thing)的位置,是对象与原质(物)相互契合的幻象。现代主义则是用艺术来提醒现实的分裂感,以及对象与原质之间的矛盾。
The basic character of realism lies in the fact that literature reflects the reality and the real comes from the conformity between the literary world and the real world. As a representative of contemporary New Marxist theory of cultural criticism, Zizek starts from Lacan’s theory of “realism, symbolism and imagination”, and holds that reality is only the real effect that the Three Realms have constructed on the subject. Realism is the perfect object occupying the position of Thing, which is the illusion that the object and the original substance interact with each other. Modernism uses art to remind the real sense of division and the contradiction between the object and the essence.