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大多数油气藏中含有的硫化氢都是由于微生物的作用而形成的,特别是用海水驱的油藏中。硫化氢是造成油气藏开发成本高及一系列作业问题的主要原因,包括储层变酸、硫化物腐蚀、硫化铁堵塞、产量降低及健康与环境危害。长期以来,一直使用有毒的杀菌剂处理硫化氢,实践证明这种方法不仅成本高,而且效果差。目前石油工业实施一种硝酸盐基微生物处理技术,它既能阻止油气藏、产出水、地面设施、管线及储气藏中硫化物的产生,又能消除其中的硫化物,同时也增加了原油采收率。这种油藏处理新技术认为,通过导入一种无机硝酸盐基成分强化油藏中存在的有益微生物,这种有益微生物可以置换能产生硫化物的有害的硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)。这种新型的油藏生态学处理技术被命名为生物竞争排除技术(BCX)。
Most hydrogen sulphide contained in reservoirs is formed by the action of microorganisms, especially in seawater-driven reservoirs. Hydrogen sulphide is a major cause of high reservoir development costs and a range of operational problems including reservoir souring, sulfide corrosion, plugging of iron sulphide, reduced production and health and environmental hazards. Hydrogen sulfide has long been treated with toxic biocides and has proven to be not only costly but also ineffective. At present, the oil industry implements a nitrate-based microbial treatment technology that can both prevent the production of sulfides in reservoirs, produced water, surface facilities, pipelines and gas reservoirs, and eliminate sulfides therein while also increasing Crude oil recovery. This new reservoir-processing technology recognizes that beneficial microorganisms can replace sulfide-producing harmful sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) by enhancing the presence of beneficial microorganisms in the reservoir by introducing an inorganic nitrate-based component. This new reservoir ecology technology is named Biocontainment Elimination Technology (BCX).