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目的了解职业人群工作性质和焦虑情绪的现状及其影响因素,为干预工作的开展提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,对北京市公务员、科技人员、企事业人员三类职业人群开展问卷调查。结果共调查1 898人,其中公务员占58.3%;科技人员占22.8%;企业人员占19.0%。焦虑情绪的总检出率为18.53%,公务员检出率为18.9%,科技人员检出率为16.5%,企业人员检出率为20.9%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,感到工作强度大(OR=1.777,95%CI:1.491~2.118)、工作受上级认可程度低(OR=1.772,95%CI:1.365~2.302)、工作中获得的成就感低(OR=1.316,95%CI:1.058~1.637)、工作中能力发挥程度低(OR=1.368,95%CI:1.075~1.740)、睡眠质量差(OR=1.861,95%CI:1.506~2.299)者,焦虑检出率高;社会支持的来源越多(OR=0.726,95%CI:0.645~0.817),焦虑检出率越低。结论焦虑情绪与工作性质相关,有必要对职业人群开展有针对性地干预,提升其健康水平。
Objective To understand the status quo and influencing factors of occupational groups’ working characteristics and anxiety, and to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention work. Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on three types of occupational groups in Beijing, including civil servants, scientific and technical personnel, and enterprises. Results A total of 1 898 people were surveyed, of whom 58.3% were civil servants, 22.8% were science and technology workers, and 19.0% were corporate employees. The overall detection rate of anxiety was 18.53%, that of civil servants was 18.9%, that of scientific and technical personnel was 16.5%, and that of enterprises was 20.9%. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that work intensity was high (OR = 1.777, 95% CI: 1.491-2.1180), and the work was endorsed by higher authorities (OR = 1.772, 95% CI: 1.365-2.302) (OR = 1.368, 95% CI: 1.075-1.740), poor sleep quality (OR = 1.861, 95% CI: 1.506 ~ 2.299), the detection rate of anxiety was high. The more social support sources (OR = 0.726, 95% CI: 0.645-0.817), the lower the detection rate of anxiety. Conclusions Anxiety is related to the nature of the work. It is necessary to intervene in the occupational groups to improve their health.