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选用长江中下游稻区7个粳型超级稻为试验材料,以普通粳稻为对照,在大田条件下设置7个氮肥水平(N0、150、187.5、225、262.5、300、337.5 kg/hm2),研究不同氮肥条件下粳型超级稻高产形成及其氮素利用特性。结果表明,超级粳稻在300 kg/hm2条件下产量最高,普通粳稻在262.5 kg/hm2条件下产量最高。超级粳稻两年最高产量平均值较普通粳稻高8.50%。与普通粳稻相比,超级粳稻各生育时期茎蘖数消长平稳,最终成穗率高,平均达78.10%;拔节前叶面积指数和光合势较低,拔节后较高。超级粳稻拔节前干物质、氮素积累量与普通粳稻相当,而拔节至抽穗、抽穗至成熟阶段干物质和氮素积累量较普通粳稻分别高7.31%、6.55%和8.98%、9.66%;超级粳稻氮素表观利用率、农学利用率和生理利用率较普通粳稻分别高3.73%、11.63%和7.95%。超级粳稻较普通粳稻更耐肥,在高肥条件下增产优势明显,且对应的氮肥利用率也较高。
Seven japonica rice varieties in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were selected as experimental materials and seven japonica rice varieties were used as control. Seven nitrogenous fertilizers (N0,150,187.5,225,262.5,300,337.5 kg / hm2) Study on High Yield Formation and Nitrogen Utilization Characteristics of Japonica Super Rice under Different Nitrogen Application Conditions. The results showed that the super japonica rice had the highest yield under the condition of 300 kg / hm2, and the highest yield of common japonica rice under the condition of 262.5 kg / hm2. The average yield of super japonica rice in two years was 8.50% higher than that of normal japonica rice. Compared with normal japonica rice, the number of stems and tillers in super japonica rice increased steadily and reached the highest, with an average of 78.10%. The leaf area index and photosynthetic potential were lower before jointing and higher after jointing. Compared with normal japonica rice, the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation in super japonica rice were similar to that in normal japonica rice, but the dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in heading stage to heading stage were 7.31%, 6.55% and 8.98% and 9.66% higher than those in normal japonica rice respectively. The apparent nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic utilization rate and physiological utilization rate of super japonica rice were 3.73%, 11.63% and 7.95% higher than those of common japonica rice respectively. Super japonica rice is more resistant to fertilizer than normal japonica rice, with obvious advantage of yield increase under high fertilizer conditions, and the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is also higher.