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目的:研究有抑杀眼部蠕形螨活性的中草药苍耳子的有效部位,为采用中草药治疗眼部蠕形螨提供新的方案。方法:采用石油醚-氯仿-乙酸乙酯-正丁醇-水的五部位分离法对苍耳子进行部位提取分离,将提取药液分别进行体外杀螨试验,观察并记录眼部蠕形螨与提取药液作用后的形态变化并记录存活时间(以分钟为单位),蠕形螨在供试药物中的存活时间作为该试剂体外杀螨时间。以已知具有杀螨效果的百部80%乙醇回流法提取物作为阳性对照,以生理盐水作为阴性对照。对各部位提取物进行粘膜用药的毒性试验。结果:苍耳子氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位提取物的体外杀螨时间小于百部提取物体外杀虫时间,其中正丁醇部位提取物体外杀螨时间为(15±1.53)min,小于正丁醇体外杀虫时间(46±4.39)min(P<0.01),氯仿部位提取物体外杀螨时间为(27±3.53)min,小于氯仿体外杀虫时间(35±3.93)min(P<0.01),而乙酸乙酯提取物的体外杀螨时间(2±1.16)min与其纯溶剂(2±1.31)min比较无差别(P=0.84),故排除其杀螨活性。苍耳子各部位提取物的粘膜毒性试验显示无刺激性。结论:苍耳子五部位分离法中氯仿和正丁醇部位提取物具有抑杀眼部蠕形螨的活性,且粘膜毒性试验显示无刺激性。
OBJECTIVE: To study the effective sites of Xanthium sibiricum, a Chinese herbal medicine that inhibits the activity of Demodex on ophthalmus, and provide a new scheme for the treatment of Demodex ophthalmites with Chinese herbal medicine. Methods: The extract of Xanthium sibiricum was extracted by petroleum ether - chloroform - ethyl acetate - n - butanol - water. The extracts were separately tested for acaricidal activity in vitro. The demodex of eye was observed and recorded. And morphological changes after extraction of the medicinal solution, and the survival time (in minutes) was recorded. The survival time of demodex in the tested drug was taken as the in vitro killing time of the reagent. A hundred 80% ethanol reflux extract, which is known to have acaricidal effect, was used as a positive control and physiological saline as a negative control. Toxicity tests on mucosal extracts of extracts from each site. Results: The in vitro fungicidal time of extracts of Xanthium sibiricum, ethyl acetate and n-butanol was less than that of 100 extracts in vitro. The time of killing mites in n-butanol extract was (15 ± 1.53) min in vitro, (46 ± 4.39) min (P <0.01). The in vitro killing time of the chloroform extract was (27 ± 3.53) min, which was less than the in vitro killing time of chloroform (35 ± 3.93) min (P <0.01). However, the in vitro acaricidal activity of ethyl acetate extract (2 ± 1.16) min was not different from that of the pure solvent (2 ± 1.31) min (P = 0.84). Xanthium extract from all parts of the mucosal toxicity test showed no irritation. CONCLUSION: The extract of chloroform and n-butanol in the five parts of Xanthium sibiricum possesses the activity of inhibiting and killing eye vermin mites, and the mucosal toxicity test shows no irritation.