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对于新兴经济体来说,参与全球价值链分工的成效是否与发达国家的经验一致?什么类型的国家(经济体)才能从参与全球价值链中获益?文章在区分不同新兴经济体类型和不同GVC参与方式的基础上,深入细致地研究了不同类型的新兴经济体如何通过参与GVC来提高全要素生产率(TFP)。研究发现:(1)GVC总体参与度的增加能显著提高中等发达新兴经济体及中国的TFP,但不能提高新兴经济体全样本和发展中新兴经济体的TFP,表明参与GVC的生产率效应取决于新兴经济体的发展程度及在GVC中的位置。(2)来自不同发展程度国家的国外增加值对TFP的影响不同,其中来自发达国家的国外增加值对各类型新兴经济体的TFP都有促进作用,说明与发达国家的GVC关联对新兴经济体TFP的增长更有效。(3)进入国界不同次数的国外增加值对TFP的影响不同,其中进入国界仅一次的国外增加值对TFP没有显著提升作用,进入国界多次的国外增加值才有生产率提高效应,说明只有深度参与型的GVC参与方式才能提高新兴经济体的TFP。文章为中国参与GVC过程中如何适应国情以及适当调整参与方式来提高自身的TFP提供了经验借鉴。
For emerging economies, is participation in the global value chain division of labor consistent with the experience of developed countries? What types of countries (economies) can benefit from participation in global value chains? The article distinguishes between different types and types of emerging economies GVC engagement, based on in-depth and detailed studies on how different types of emerging economies can improve Total Factor Productivity (TFP) by participating in GVC. The findings are as follows: (1) The overall participation of GVC can significantly increase the TFP of medium-developed emerging economies and China, but can not increase the TFP of the full sample of emerging economies and emerging economies, indicating that the productivity effect of GVC participation depends on Emerging economies and their development in GVC. (2) The impact of foreign value added from countries with different levels of development on TFP is different. Among them, the foreign value added from developed countries has a positive effect on TFP in all kinds of emerging economies, indicating that the GVC linkages with developed countries have a positive effect on TFPs in emerging economies TFP growth more effective. (3) The impact of foreign value added at different times of entry into the world is different from that of TFP. Only the foreign value added into the frontier has no significant effect on the TFP, and the value added of foreign value entering the country many times has the effect of increasing productivity. This shows that only the depth Participatory GVC engagement can improve TFP in emerging economies. The article provides experiences and lessons for how to adapt China’s situation in GVC process and how to adjust its participation appropriately to improve its own TFP.