早在70年代以前,卫生经济学(ｈｅａｌｔｈｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓ)已开始注意到人的生命价值的问题,认为环境卫生和疾病预防是一种人力资本投入,可以提高国民生产力[1]。60年代,成本效益分析(ｃｏｓｔｂｅｎｅｆｉｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ＣＢＡ)的技术已日趋完善,但很难应用于卫生部门 As early as the 1970s, health economics has begun to pay attention to the question of the value of human life. It is believed that environmental health and disease prevention are human capital inputs and can increase national productivity [1]. In the 1960s, cost-benefit analysis (CBA) technologies have become increasingly sophisticated but are difficult to apply to the health sector.