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目的:了解杭州市企业职工健康认知及行为现状,分析认知对行为的影响,揭示阻碍行为的原因。方法:对杭州市城区的12家企事业单位2 066名在职职工进行自填式问卷调查。结果:企业职工对多食蔬菜、多食水果、低脂饮食、低糖饮食、低盐饮食、规律性运动有利于健康的知晓率分别为91.6%、91.6%、79.7%、80.3%、78.8%、61.9%,对吸烟危害健康的知晓率为81.1%;上述6项健康行为率及吸烟率分别为66.7%、48.6%、88.7%、80.3%、83.8%、33.9%、25.2%;认可(下称知晓)“主动多食蔬菜、水果,规律性运动及戒烟有利于健康”的人群健康行为率高于不认可或不确定组人群,而知晓“少食低脂、低糖、低盐食物有利于健康”的人群健康行为率与不认可或不确定组人群间尚无统计学差异;自报阻碍多食水果、蔬菜,体育锻炼及戒烟的首要原因分别为“价格贵”、“没时间”、“戒烟太难”。结论:杭州企业职工健康认知高低不等,“规律性运动有利于健康”的认识相对不足;经常性摄入蔬菜、水果及规律性运动的率偏低;正确的健康认知在促进“多食蔬菜、水果、坚持规律性运动及减少吸烟”等健康行为发生方面作用明显;“价格”、“时间”及“戒烟太难”可能为阻碍多食水果、蔬菜,规律性运动及戒烟的主要原因。
Objective: To understand the health awareness and behavior of employees in Hangzhou City, analyze the impact of cognition on behavior, and reveal the causes of obstructive behavior. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 2 066 employees in 12 enterprises and institutions in Hangzhou City. RESULTS: The awareness rate of health-care for workers who eat more vegetables, eat more fruits, low-fat diet, low-sugar diet, low-salt diet, and regular exercise were 91.6%, 91.6%, 79.7%, 80.3%, 78.8%, respectively. 61.9%, 81.1% awareness of the health hazards of smoking; the above six health behaviors and smoking rates were 66.7%, 48.6%, 88.7%, 80.3%, 83.8%, 33.9%, and 25.2%, respectively; Knowing that “actively eating more vegetables, fruits, regular exercise, and quitting smoking is conducive to health ” has a health behavior rate higher than that of non-authenticated or inconclusive groups, and knows that “eat less low-fat, low-sugar, low-salt foods There is no statistical difference between the health behavioral rate of healthy people and the unrecognized or uncertain group; self-reported obstruction of eating more fruits, vegetables, physical exercise and smoking cessation are the primary reasons for the ”expensive“ and ”There is no time,“ and ”It’s too hard to stop smoking.“ Conclusion: The knowledge of employees in Hangzhou varies from low to high, and the awareness that ”regular exercise is good for health“ is relatively insufficient; the rate of regular intake of vegetables, fruits, and regular exercise is low; the correct health awareness is promoting. ”More vegetables, fruits, adhere to regular exercise and reduce smoking “ and other health behaviors have obvious effects; ”price “, ”time“ and ”smoking cessation is too difficult" may be an obstacle to eating more fruits , vegetables, regular exercise and the main reason for quitting smoking.