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简要回顾了几十年来对地震发生前、地震过程中和震后地下流体和地球化学变化的研究和成果 ,这些研究一般都是以探索地震预报可能性为目的的。论述了与地震有关的地下水文及地球化学变化的机理 ,这些地下流体 (包括地下水和气体诸如氢、氧和惰性气体 )的起源和迁移流动现象以及详细介绍了早期和近代对有关地震的地下流体和地球化学变化的观测成果。同时指出了对地下流体和地球化学作为地震前兆来观测研究的困难所在以及为了克服这些困难而应该采取的地震前兆观测研究的方向 ,例如多种手段和多种原理方法 ,开发有效的地球物理和地球化学模型以及适当的数据分析统计方法等。
A brief review of decades of research and results on the subsurface fluid and geochemical changes before, during, and after earthquakes has been made. These studies are generally aimed at exploring the possibility of earthquake prediction. The mechanism of the earthquakes and the geochemical changes related to the earthquakes is discussed. The origin and migration of these subsurface fluids (including groundwater and gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and inert gases) and their migration and flow phenomena are described in detail. The characteristics of the subsurface fluids And observations of changes in geochemistry. At the same time, it points out the difficulties of observing the research on the underground fluid and geochemistry as precursors of earthquakes and the direction of seismic precursory observation that should be taken in order to overcome these difficulties. For example, various means and principle methods are used to develop effective geophysical and geophysical Geochemical model and the appropriate data analysis and statistical methods.