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为了阐述20世纪除汽车机动性外,交通发展经历的最重要的进程——城市高速公路的出现,考察了过去100年来美国城市交通规划的历史。通过回顾各种研究资料,认为资助州际公路发展所采用的方法使联邦和州公路工程师成为主管,这影响了公路的选线及设计。联邦公路工程师只关注机动车通过效率的最大化,而在很大程度上忽略了城市的其他利害关系。没有先进的规划理念指导、过度建设、稀疏、放射环状的道路网对于加强机动性取得了极大的效益,但通常要为此付出巨大的社会和环境成本。最后指出,在实践中要重新审视具有百年历史的协调交通与土地利用规划的观点,而且,公共财政权宜之计式的政治决策方式将对工程、出行和城市形态产生深远的影响。
In order to elaborate the most important process of traffic development in the 20th century besides the mobility of automobiles - the emergence of urban expressways, the history of urban transport planning in the United States over the past 100 years has been examined. By reviewing various sources of research, the methodology used to finance the development of interstate roads led federal and state highway engineers to be in charge, affecting route selection and design of roads. Federal highway engineers are only concerned with the maximization of motor vehicle efficiency and largely neglect other urban interests. Guided by advanced planning concepts, over-constructed, sparse, radio-annular road networks have made significant gains in enhancing mobility, but often require significant social and environmental costs. Finally, it is pointed out that in practice, we should reexamine the viewpoint of coordinating transportation and land use planning with a hundred years of history. Moreover, the political decision-making mode of public finances will have a far-reaching impact on engineering, travel and urban form.