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关于上埋式管道及洞室垂直土压力的计算,我国基本上沿用苏、美一些理论公式,种类繁多,计算结果出入很大。根据笔者对303座填土较高的管道调查的结果,由于土压力计算值偏小,导致管道纵向开裂者,达44.5％;而计算值偏大,造成浪费的占少数。在此基础上,分析了管道开裂的规律,探讨了各种公式的问题所在,进而根据室内模型试验结果,提出了减荷措施和用管顶沉降差δ来概括土压力的各种影响因素之见解,并就采取减荷措施与否的±δ两种情况,分别提出了土压力的计算公式。近几年,通过现场实测资料验证了公式的正确性。本文着重介绍模型试验结果和土压力计算公式,其余仅作扼要说明。
Regarding the calculation of the vertical earth pressure of buried pipes and tunnels, China basically follows some theoretical formulas of the Soviet Union and the United States, and has a wide range of types. The calculation results are very different. According to the author’s investigation of the 303 high-filled pipelines, the calculated value of the earth pressure is too small, leading to a longitudinal cracking of the pipeline, which amounts to 44.5%; while the calculated value is too large, resulting in a small amount of waste. On this basis, the law of pipe cracking was analyzed, and the problems of various formulas were discussed. Then according to the results of the indoor model test, the load reduction measures and the use of pipe top settlement difference δ to summarize the various influencing factors of earth pressure were proposed. Views, and on the use of load reduction measures ± δ two cases, respectively, put forward the calculation formula of earth pressure. In recent years, the correctness of the formula has been verified by field measurement data. This article focuses on the results of the model test and the earth pressure calculation formula. The rest is only briefly described.