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断裂对于油气运移具有联通和封闭两种作用,地质实践中这两种状态不易判断,甚至同时存在,具有一定的复杂性。借助前人工作的总结,从断层类型以及影响断层性质的因素入手,针对目前国际研究热点分别进行探讨。对于地堑转换造成的断层形成油气聚集有三种形式:地堑系统深层作为油气聚集区;地堑系统转接部位纵向运移;油气聚集于地堑系统的隆起部位。而挤压破碎造成的断层封闭性决定于微构造、渗透性、门槛压力等条件。实例证明,3种条件对于断层封闭性的预测有决定性影响。通过分析油气在断层中的散失,指出影响油气运移的不利因素。
Faults have two functions of communication and closure for hydrocarbon migration. The two states in geological practice are not easy to judge and even exist at the same time, which has certain complexity. With the summary of previous work, starting with the types of faults and the factors that affect the nature of the faults, the current international research hotspots are discussed respectively. There are three types of oil and gas accumulation in fault formation caused by graben conversion: the deep graben system acts as a hydrocarbon accumulation area; the graben system transfers longitudinally to the transfer site; and the oil and gas accumulate in the uplift of the graben system. The fault sealing caused by crushing is determined by micro-structure, permeability, threshold pressure and other conditions. The examples demonstrate that the three conditions have a decisive influence on the prediction of the sealing of the fault. By analyzing the loss of oil and gas in the fault, it points out the unfavorable factors that affect the migration of oil and gas.