生产工具是衡量社会生产力发展水平的主要依据。要认识古代社会的经济形态,就必须研究其劳动手段的遗物——生产工具的发生,发展和使用的情况。石耜是我国古代一种重要的农业生产工具,在史前文化遗址中经常出现。但是,长期以来考古界对它没有进行过系统的研究。在其定名、分类、演变和使用方式上也没有一致的意见。在考古发掘中,由于缺乏明确的判断标准,对石耜的称谓相当混乱,常将它与石铲、石斧、石锄、石犁等不同的器物混为一谈,造成许多研究上的困难。 Production tools are the main basis for measuring the level of development of social productive forces. To understand the economic form of ancient society, we must study the relics of its means of work - the occurrence, development and use of production tools. Shijie is an important tool of agricultural production in ancient China, and often appears in prehistoric cultural sites. However, the archeology has not been studied systematically for a long time. There is no consensus on how to name, classify, evolve and use it. In the archeological excavations, the lack of a clear standard of judgment has made the title very confused and often confused with different artifacts such as stone shovels, stone axes, stone hoes and stone plows, creating many research difficulties.