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美国作为再生水利用的先行国家,其再生水管理立法较为系统和完善,联邦立法层面的国家污染物排放削减机制及水质标准体系有效地衔接了再生水管理法律制度,同时为各州提供了一个开放的再生水管理框架。在此框架下,各州依据不同的资源禀赋、公众态度发展出具有地方特色的再生水管理立法体系,以加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州最为典型。较之美国,我国再生水管理立法明显滞后,缺乏必要风险防范和监管措施,安全事故屡有发生。他山之石,可以攻玉,美国再生水管理立法有关立法权分配、成本效益分析、立法导向等方面值得我国借鉴。
As a pioneer country for reclaimed water utilization, the United States has relatively systematic and perfect legislation on reclaimed water management. The federal legislation on national pollutant emission reduction mechanism and water quality standard system effectively links the legal system of reclaimed water management and at the same time provides each state with an open reclaimed water management frame. Under this framework, each state develops a local legislative system of reclaimed water management based on different resource endowments and public attitudes, most notably in California and Florida. Compared with the United States, China’s legislation on reclaimed water has lagged far behind, lacking the necessary risk prevention and regulatory measures, and frequent accidents have occurred. The stone of other hills can be used for jade, and the legislation of the reclaimed water management in the United States is worth our reference for the distribution of legislative power, cost-benefit analysis and legislative guidance.