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正义与效率构成了现代诉讼制度的正当根据。正义包括实体正义和程序正义。实体正义使刑事诉讼法表现出对刑法的一种工具性价值,程序正义却是源自刑事诉讼法独有的品行,两者都不可或缺。而效率则是诉讼资源稀缺性的要求,也是实现正义的保障。不起诉制度应该体现正义与效率的基本要求。检察机关应该在查清案件事实的基础上对犯罪嫌疑人的行为作出判断和处理,对罪疑的案件应当作出不起诉决定。在不起诉决定形成过程中,一个公正的程序要求充分听取当事人的意见,赋予当事人要求听证的权利是一个理性的选择。而基于效率的考虑,不起诉决定应该具有确定的法律效力,以形成对检察机关和当事人诉讼行为的有效约束。
Justice and efficiency constitute the legitimate basis for the modern lawsuit system. Justice includes substantive justice and procedural justice. Substantive justice makes the criminal procedure law show a instrumental value to the criminal law, but procedural justice derives from the unique conduct of criminal procedure law, and both are indispensable. Efficiency, on the other hand, is a requirement of litigation resource scarcity and a guarantee of justice. The non-prosecution system should reflect the basic requirements of justice and efficiency. Procuratorial organs should make judgments and treatments on the behavior of criminal suspects on the basis of ascertaining the facts of the cases, and should make a decision on non-prosecution of cases of suspected crimes. In the process of forming the non-prosecution decision, a just procedure calls for fully listening to the opinions of the parties and giving the parties the right to request a hearing is a rational choice. However, for the sake of efficiency, the decision of non-prosecution should have definite legal effect so as to form an effective restraint on the litigation behavior of procuratorial organs and parties.