在俄罗斯思想史中,文化这个题目首次得到认真的理论性的阐发,始于恰达耶夫的《哲学书简》以及斯拉夫派和西方派之间围绕着这些书简展开的争论。19世纪40年代的社会文化争论在一定意义上是对恰达耶夫的挑战性问题的反应和回答。在这些年代里,对于许多俄罗斯思想家来说,民族文化问题逐渐成为他们的个人间题,他们给自己提出的 For the first time in Russia’s history of ideas, the subject of culture has been seriously elucidated in theory, beginning with the “Book of Philosophy” by Qatayev and the controversy surrounding the book between Slavonicism and Westernism. In the certain sense, the social-cultural debates in the 1840s are responses and answers to the question of Qadayev. In these years, for many Russian thinkers, the issues of national culture became their personal problems gradually, and they gave themselves