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临床上常取外周静脉血液或血浆来测定药物浓度。当药物在给药和取血样之间的部位被消除时,就发生药物的首次通过消除(Firstpass elimination,简称首过消除)。这种消除通常是通过代谢而发生。由于多数药物经口服给药,因而药物在胃肠道和肝中的首过代谢十分重要,对此已有大量研究。本文着重介绍临床用药的首过代谢(FPM)的意义。基本概念肝脏是口服给药FPM 的主要部位,其次是胃肠道菌群、粘膜、血液、血管内皮以及抽取静脉血样的肢体。单从取血样的方法来确定口服
Peripheral venous blood or plasma is often used clinically to determine drug concentration. The first pass elimination of a drug occurs when the drug is removed from the site of administration and the blood sample taken. This elimination usually occurs through metabolism. Since most drugs are administered orally, the first-pass metabolism of the drug in the gastrointestinal tract and liver is very important and a great deal of research has been done on this. This article highlights the significance of first-pass metabolism (FPM) in clinical medicine. Basic Concepts The liver is the main site of oral administration of FPM followed by gastrointestinal flora, mucosa, blood, endothelium, and venous blood samples. Single from the blood sampling method to determine oral