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一、基本情况:改革逼上梁山 新晃侗族自治县乡及乡以上民族工业共105户,绝大多数是在计划经济条件下由小手工业作坊式生产发展起来。从历史角度看,它们对支援农业、安排就业、增加地方财源做出过重要贡献。然而,近年来,随着市场经济的发展,小企业的优势逐渐丧失,生产技术、经营管理水平低,职工整体素质低,加之债务包袱、人员包袱相对过重,导致经营状况普遍不佳,亏损年年有增无减,许多企业已濒临资不抵债的境地。面对严峻的困境,与其等、靠、要,不如解放思想,自己寻找一条走出困境的改革之路,这已成为全县上下的共识。 二、制定政策:改革纲举目张 县委、县政府制定了《关于加快民族工业发展的决定》、《新晃县属企业改革实施方案》等6个改革配套方案,按照“抓大活小、因企制宜、一厂一策”对县办工业实行转机改制。到1996年9月止,改制企业已占县办工企业总数的90％以上,普遍收到了良好的效果。县包装厂于1996年4月实行边破边立,甩掉包袱130万元,重新建立县纸箱厂,安置职工38名,到1996年9月份止,就实现产值39.4万,销售45.7万元。县酒厂实行“死一块,活一块”以来,生产形势红红火火,产品一直供不应求。县委、县政府在出台的政策中规定,对在发展生产、提高效益、增强企业后劲中做出突出贡献的企业领?
First, the basic situation: the reform forced to the Liangshan Xinhuang Yi Autonomous County township and above the national industry a total of 105, the vast majority are under the planned economy by the small-scale handicraft workshop developed. Historically, they have made important contributions to supporting agriculture, arranging employment, and increasing local financial resources. However, in recent years, with the development of the market economy, the advantages of small-scale enterprises have been gradually lost, the production technology, operation and management levels are low, the overall quality of employees is low, and the burden of debt and staff burden are relatively heavy, resulting in generally unsatisfactory operating conditions and losses. Increasing year after year, many companies are already on the verge of insolvency. In the face of severe difficulties, it is better to emancipate the mind than to wait for, rely on, or desire, and find a reform path out of the predicament. This has become the consensus of the entire county. II. Formulation of Policies: Reform Projects The Zhangxian County Committee and County Government have formulated six reform supporting programs, including the Decision on Accelerating the Development of Ethnic Industries and the Implementation Plan for the Reform of the Enterprise of Xinhuang County, which are based on “Yiyi, a factory and a policy” implemented the transformation of the county-run industry. By September 1996, the restructuring enterprises had accounted for more than 90% of the total number of county-owned enterprises, which generally received good results. In April 1996, the county’s packaging factory implemented the edge-breaking legislation, eliminated the burden of 1.3 million yuan, re-established the county’s carton factory, and placed 38 workers. By September 1996, it had realized a production value of 394,000 and sold 457,000 yuan. After the county winery implemented the practice of “dead and live”, the production situation was booming and the product was in short supply. The county party committee and the county government stipulate in their policies that they should make outstanding contributions to the development of production, improvement of efficiency, and enhancement of the company’s staying power.