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煤层的地下开采引起的地表移动是十分复杂的,不能只局限于纯理论的研究,必须采用实验研究的方法,在现场进行地表移动的实际观测。地表移动的仪器观测工作始于十九世纪中叶,当时仅进行高程测量。在十九世纪末才发现地表的移动不单单是下沉,而且还伴随有水平移动。德国在1906年就开始测量地表的水平移动,并丈量测点间的长度变化。英国和苏联都在1930年左右才开始地表水平移动的观测。我国在解放后于1954年初,中国矿业学矿矿山测量教研
The ground surface movement caused by the underground mining of coal seam is very complicated. It can not be limited to the pure theoretical research. The experimental observation method must be used to conduct the actual observation of the surface movement in the field. Observations of surface-moving instruments began in the mid-nineteenth century when only elevation measurements were made. At the end of the nineteenth century, it was discovered that the movement of the earth’s surface did not just sink but also accompanied the horizontal movement. In 1906 Germany started to measure the horizontal movement of the earth’s surface and measure the change in length between measuring points. Both the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union started the observation of horizontal movement of the earth surface before about 1930. After the liberation of our country in early 1954, China Mining Mining Research Institute