宏观历史研究方法,就其思维的形式来说,属于辩证思维。辩证思维是一种很古老的思维形式。恩格斯指出:“古希腊的哲学家都是天生的自发的辩证论者,他们中最博学的人物亚里士多德就已经研究了辩证思维的最主要的形式。”在中国古代,《诗·大雅·文王》所说“天命靡常”,司马迁所说“物盛则衰,时极而转”,等等,都表现了辩证思维的形式。不过,古代的辩证思维“虽然正确地把握了现象的总画面的一般性质,却不足以说明构成这幅总画面的各个细节;而我们要是不知道这些细节,就看不清总画面”。正由于它存 Macro-historical research methods, in the form of their thinking, belong to dialectical thinking. Dialectical thinking is a very old form of thinking. Engels pointed out: “The ancient Greek philosophers were all natural spontaneous dialecticists, and Aristotle, the most learned of them, had studied the most important form of dialectical thinking.” In ancient China, “Poetry Taiga · Wang Wen, ”said“ life is ruin ”, Si Maqian said“ things Sheng then decline, extremely turning ”, and so on, have shown the form of dialectical thinking. However, although ancient dialectical thinking “correctly grasps the general nature of the general picture of the phenomenon, it is not enough to explain all the details that make up this general picture; and if we do not know these details, we can not see the general picture.” It is because of it