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自然主义哲学蕴含着自我反驳的困难。一方面,自然主义奠基于自然科学的巨大成功,即能够系统化地获得关于客观世界的真知识。另一方面,根据自然化的认知观,认知是具身性的,知识是根据感官信息做出的构建,而非对客观世界的反映。如果按照自然化的认知观,不预设知识与客观世界的对应关系,科学知识的有效性就是难以理解的,自然主义就无法基于自然科学的成功被建立。解决这一困难的可能方案是,主张自然科学原则上以人的主观经验为对象,且人的主观经验是完全概念化的。
Naturalistic philosophy contains self-refuted difficulties. On the one hand, naturalism rests on the great success of natural science, that is, it can systematically acquire true knowledge about the objective world. On the other hand, according to the cognitive view of nature, cognition is concrete, and knowledge is based on the construction of sensory information rather than the reflection of the objective world. If we follow the notion of naturalization and do not pre-define the correspondence between knowledge and the objective world, the validity of scientific knowledge is difficult to understand. Naturalism can not be established based on the success of natural science. The possible solution to this difficulty is to advocate that the subjective experience of man in science should be regarded as the object in principle, and man’s subjective experience is completely conceptualized.